Slime mould

Physarium Polycephalum 2 (PP2)

Physarum polycephalum also called slime mould is a fascinating organism that has captured the attention of scientists, designers, and engineers alike. It belongs to the group of slime moulds, which are single-celled organisms capable of forming complex, interconnected networks. Unlike multicellular organisms, slime mould does not have a brain, nervous system, or centralised control. Instead, it relies on its ability to explore its environment through a dynamic and decentralised growth process. When observed in its natural state, it appears as a yellow, pulsating mass that spreads out in search of food. As it grows, it develops an intricate network of vein-like structures, which serve as a highly efficient tubular system for nutrient distribution.

One of the most intriguing aspects of slime mould is its ability to adapt its growth patterns based on external conditions. When seeking food, it initially spreads out in multiple directions, mapping the terrain and testing different routes. Once it has located a reliable food source, it refines its network, eliminating inefficient paths and reinforcing the most effective connections. This ability to self-optimise has made slime mould an interesting subject of study in various fields, ranging from biology to computer science, urban planning, and even graphic design.

In 2010, researchers from Japan and the United Kingdom conducted an experiment that demonstrated the mould's ability to create optimised networks. They placed food sources in a pattern mimicking the locations of major train stations in the Tokyo subway system. As the slime mould grew, it formed connections between the food sources, creating a network that closely resembled the actual layout of Tokyo’s public transportation infrastructure. This remarkable result sparked interest in the application of biologically inspired principles to network design, particularly in the fields of engineering, logistics, and even telecommunications.

The concept of bionic design, where biological principles inspire technological innovation, is not new. Engineers and scientists have long studied nature to develop efficient structures and systems. However, beyond the realms of technology and science, the potential for biological systems like Physarum polycephalum to influence other creative fields remains relatively unexplored. Could this organism, with its natural ability to generate organic, interconnected structures, offer inspiration beyond technical applications?

Making process

Felix Harr, a designer interested in the intersection of nature and typography, explored this question in his work. He conducted systematic experiments with slime mould, observing how the slime mould formed connections between points. By carefully guiding its growth, he was able to influence the formation of shapes resembling letters. This research led to the creation of PP2, a variable font inspired by the adaptive behaviours of the slime mould. The resulting typeface embodies a blend of organic aesthetics and algorithmic precision, demonstrating how natural processes can shape artistic expression.

Text submitted by the maker and edited by the Future Materials Bank. For information about reproducing (a part of) this text, please contact the maker.